Cnideria

Feeding

Cnideria feed in many different ways like predation, absorbing dissolved organic  chemicals, filtering food particles out of the water, and getting nutrients from symbiotic algae within their cells. Most cnideria get food from predation.

Respiratory
Cnideria don't have any respiratory organs. Both cell layers absorb oxygen and expel carbon dioxide into the water. When water in the digestive cavity becomes stale, it has to be replaced and the nutrients that had not been absorbed yet are also expelled with it.



Circulation
Cnidaria don't have any organs or special tissues that are for circulation. They would get nutrients through diffusion.

Exertion
Gland cells in the gastroderm release enzymes that turn the food into a slurry. It circulates through the digestive cavity and throug connecting tunnels , so the gastroderm cells can absorb the nutrients. Absorbtion takes a few hours and digestion takes a few days. The nutrients circulate by water currents produced by cilia in the gastroderm or by muscular movements so the nutrients reach all parts of the digestive cavity. Nutrients reach the outer cell layer by diffusion. Indigestable remains of prey are expelled through the mouth. The main waste product of cells' eternal  processes is ammonia which is removed by external and interanl water currents.

Response
Cnidaria have no brains or central nervous systems.Instead they have decentralized nerve nets consisting of sensory neurons that generate signals to respond to types of stimulus like odors, motor neurons that tells muscles to contract and cobwebs of intermediate neurons to connect them. Intermediate neurons also form  ganglia that act as local coordination centers. The cilia of cnidocytes detect physical contact. Nerves inform cnidocytes when prey or attackers are detected. Most communication between nerve cells are through chemical synapses.

Movement
Adult cnidaria are either swimming medusae or sessile polyps. In medusae the only supporting structure is the mesoglea. Medusae swim by a form of jet propulsion. Hydras and some sea anemones move slowly over rocks. 

Reproduction
Sexual reproduction involves a complex life cycle with noth polyp and medusa stages. All known cnidaria can reproduce asexually by various means in addition to being regenerated when fragmented.

Simple Animal Phyla

Cnidaria- Sea Pen

Porifera- Glass Sponge

Plant Photo Journal

Mosses:
We found the mosses around our school. Mosses need to live in moist areas because they need water for reproduction and to get nutrients. Mosses grow close to the ground because they don't have vascular tissues,so they get water throughout the plant by using diffusion. They can also grow on rocks because since mosses need moist environments to live in the rocks found on those areas are suitable for mosses to grow on.

Ferns:
Ferns need to live in moist environments because they have vascular tissues that help them transport water throughout the plant and to cells. They also need water to reproduce.The structure of plants and ferns are different because ferns are vascular and mosses are non-vascular. The vascular structure allows ferns to grow taller. Also ferns have a horizontal root-like structure which is called rhizomes. Ferns need to grow in the soil to get nutrients and minerals.

Gymnosperms:
Gymnosperms can live in varied environments because of they do not require water for reproduction.Instead they use pollen for reproduction.Also gymnosperms produce seeds.The difference between pollination and fertilization is that pollination is when pollen is transfered to the stigma of a plant and fertilization is when an egg and sperm join together.

Angiosperms:
Angiosperms are well adapted to life on land because they can depend on insects to transfer pollen or they can also depend on the wind to carry the pollen through the air and transfer it to another plant.The roots help them absorb water.The purpose of the fruit is to protect the flower and make sure the seed gets dispersed.

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Flower Dissection

The yellow tip is the anther and the filament is what holds the anther.

The top part is the stigma and the style is what holds the stigma up.

This is the ovary.

This is the flower petals.

Pollination:

Pollination is when the male gametophyte comes into contact with the female

parts. 

Cross-pollination is when a pollinator takes pollen from one plant and transfers it to another plant. Self-pollination is when a plant puts pollen into itself and reproduces without the help of another plant.

Angiosperm Classification:

We dissected a dicot plant. It is a dicot plant because it had more than 3 petals and the leaf had branched veins. The stigma was in three parts.

Vascular Structure- Leafs

Monocot Leaf

Dicot Leaf

The Deadly Cordyceps

The cordycep is a killer fungi that releases its spores which gets into the bodies of insects and takes it over. The fungi controls the brain of the insect and slowly kills it. Other insects that are infected by the fungi are wuickly taken away the the other insects in its family and are dumped away so the other insects in the colony also don't get infected. After the insect dies the body of the cordycep arupt from the body of the dead insect. It takes about 3 weeks for the cordycep to fully grow from the insect's body.When it is fully grown the spores will burst out of the tips and start the deadly process again.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XuKjBIBBAL8&list=PLCC07E66503F99BB5

Comparing Acorns and Pinecones

The difference between an acorn and a pine cone is that they are from difference trees.

An acorn is from a deciduous oak tree and a pine cone comes from a coniferous pine tree.

An acorn and a pine cone both have seeds.

An acorn depends on biological seed dispersal agents to move the acorn beyond the mother tree and into areas it can germinate in. 

A pine cone seed gets carried away by the wind when the a pine cone ripens because of their parachute mechanism of the wings on the seeds.

Pine cones

Pine cones

Vascular structure-Roots

Dicot root

Monocot root

Vascular structure-Stems

Dicot stem

Monocot Stem

Midterm Evaluation

Classification and Taxonomy:

For classification and taxonomy I chose the classification quiz because I got 14/15.

I also thought I did well on the classification project. We had to create our own species and give them names based on how they looked.

Evolution:
For evolution we made a DNA video and I thought my partner and I did really well on that project and from this project I knew what I had learnt about DNA and evolution.

  (This I a picture of what my partner and I said about evolution in our DNA video.)
We also made an evoltuoin poster where we glued pictures that we thought each species would evolve into.

Also the Evolution and Natural selection blog that I posted also helped me understand natural selection. I had searched up why flamingos have long necks and legs.
http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=154577539040900244#editor/target=post;postID=2694656259526879831;onPublishedMenu=posts;onClosedMenu=posts;postNum=7;src=postname
 

I am also proud of the evolution booklet Harkirat and I did. I think we did a really good job and put a lot of effort into it.

Viruses:
For viruses I chose the quiz we had on viruses because I got 16/20.

Also the blog post I made about Malaria taught me more about viruses.http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=154577539040900244#editor/target=post;postID=8328715403799566122;onPublishedMenu=posts;onClosedMenu=posts;postNum=6;src=postname

Bacteria:
For bacteria I chose the bacteria and protist quiz because I got 20.5/21.

I also chose the bacteria growth lab that we did and also the bacteria play-do models that we made.The bacteria growth lab was interesting because we got to see bacteria grow and spread, and we got to see which liquids kill bacteria.
BACTERIAL GROWTH LINK:
http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=154577539040900244#editor/target=post;postID=669574082629276254;onPublishedMenu=posts;onClosedMenu=posts;postNum=4;src=postname
BACTERIAL STRUCTURE LINK:
http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=154577539040900244#editor/target=post;postID=669574082629276254;onPublishedMenu=posts;onClosedMenu=posts;postNum=4;src=postname

Protist:
For protist I chose the chart where we compared bacteria and protists.

Also the bacteria and protist quiz we did because I got 20.5/21.

I think I do well in completing my assignments and putting effort into my work.I also think I do well in completing my blog assignments.I am always on time and prepared for class. My most powerful learning experience in biology is doing the blog posts because when we had to do blog posts on things that we had to search up ourselves, I not only learned about the thing my blog post was about but I also learned about other things that I came across on the internet. Right now I think I am at an A at 88%

Looking at Moss

Archegonium

Sporangium

 Antheridia

Fossil named after Johnny Depp

An extinct insect is named after Johnny Depp because of his scissor-like hands from the movie Edward Scissorhands.

Kooteninchela deppi was a 505 million year old distant ancestor of lobsters and scorpions. The 'chela' in the name means claws or scissors in Latin.

the animal was about four centimetres long with millipede-like legs. It's lived in shallow seas off the coast of British Columbia in Canada.Its was most likely a hunter or scavenger because of it's claws.Its had large eyes made of many lenses like the compound eyes of a sly. They are on top of movable stalks called peduncles to help it search for good and look out for predators. The Kooteninchela deppi belongs to a group known as the 'great appendages' or megacheirans, which refer to the enlarged pincer-like frontal claws that they share.

Bacteria Structure

KEY

A- flagellum( creates a propeller like notion that drives the bacterium forward.)

B- capsule( storehouse for nutrients, a depot for cellular waste products, a protective shield against dehydration.)

C- cell wall( provides a rigid framework for the organism and helps determine its shape.)

D- cell membrane( holds many of the cell's enzymes.)

E- pilus( help anchor the bacterium to a surface.) 

F- mesosome( serves as a site for attachment of DNA during replication in bacterial reproduction.)

G- nucleoid( contains all the hereditary information of the cell and provides necessary instructions for producing the proteins essential to the life of cells.)

H- plasmid( smaller molecules if DNA.)

I- cytoplasm ( site if bacterial growth,metabolic reactions an reproduction.)

J- ribosome (sites of protein synthesis.)

K- granule( storage sites for starch, glycogen, lipid or other essential materials.)

Bacterial Growth

For the second bacteria growth plate that we did my partners and I took bacteria from the bottom of a shoe. We rubbed the bacteria all over the plate with a cotton swab and made four sections. The first section is controlled , so all we did was put a piece of paper towel in the first quadrant. For the second quadrant, we soaked a piece of paper towel in bleach. The third quadrant, we soaked the paper towel in hand sanitizer, and the for the fourth quadrant we soaked the paper towel in vinegar. The purpose of this was to see which liquid kills bacteria the most. The results that we got was that the bleach kills the bacteria the most because there was the least amount of  bacteria growth in that quadrant.

Progress In Biology

The things I am most proud of in Biology so far are The Evolution chart, the Evolution video and the classification pictures we drew. The Evoltuion chart is something I am proud of becasue it was really confusing and took time to figure it out. But eventually my partner and I figured it out and I thought we did a good job on it. I am also proud of the Evoltution video my partner and I did becasue we had to make a video of ourselves explaing DNA, natural selection, the gene pool and speciation. It was kind of difficult because we kept messing up and had to keep redoing it, but it was a lot of fun to make the video and I think my partner and I did a good job. I thought the pictures we drew were good and I think we explained everything well. The classification pictures we drew are also something I am proud of because we had to draw 4 pictures for each speciation. My partner and I put a lot of effort into being creative and coming up with cool ideas. I think we did a good job on it. My binder is clean and organized. It is easy to read and access. So far I have three sections. One for Bacteria, one for DNA and another for viruses. I don't have any incomplete work. I have completed all the work that has been assigned and try to complete them on the day it is posted. I pay attention in class and follow instructions. I think my work habits are good. The blogs that I am proud of are the Animal Taxonomy, the Evolution and Natural Selection, and the Viruses. I am proud of the three blog posts the most because I had to do research for them and I learned the most from doing these blog posts.For the Animal Taxonomy blog I learned about the scientific names for different species. I learned about flamingos and why they have long necks and legs from the Evolution and Natural Selection blog and I learned about Malaria and how it is caused and how it effects humans from the Viruses blog. I also learned about the structure of viruses and if they are living or non-living from the viruses blog. To me engagment in class means being involved with discussions and asking/answering questions. An example of engaging in class is staing your opinion about something you learned in class. Asking questions about soemthing you don't understand is engaging in class.My goal for biology 11 is asking more questions and volunteering to do things.I hope to learn a lot more about living things becuase it is something that I find interesting. My biology 11 class is a bit different from all of the other science classes i've had because we dont take a lot of notes and we don't answer a lot of questions on paper. This is the first class I have had where we use blogs to post most of our work. I think using blogs is easier and less stressfull. I find it easier to explain things and talk about what I have learned. I like how we do a lot of projects instead of worksheets and tests.

Viruses- Malaria

Malaria is a disease transmitted by an infected female Anopheles mosquito. Malaria is transmitted in humans  through the bite of the mosquito. When a mosquito bites an infected person, a small amount of blood that contains the microscopic malaria parasites is taken, a week later when the mosquito has its next blood meal, the malaria parasites mix with the mosquito's saliva and is injected into the human that is bitten.

The symptoms of malaria are flu-like symptoms.This includes chills, headaches, muscle aches, tiredness, nausea, vomiting and diarreah. Malaria can also cause anemia and jaundice because of the loss of red blood cells. The symptoms begin 10 to 4 weeks after being bitten.

90% of malaria cases are from the tropics and sub-Saharan Africa and 10% of the cases are from India,Brazil, Afhganistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, Cambodia, and China. 

Evolution and Natural Selection part 2

Why do flamingos have long necks and legs? The legs of a flamingos help them stand in deep water where they can stir up the mud to get food. Their long necks help them reach deep down in the waters to get food.Thir broad webbed feet help them stand on soft or uneven surafces like mud. Their webbed feet also help keep themselves up and steer towards food. When flamingos are in water that is too deep to stand in they float on the surface. Another thing that helps them adapt to the environment are their beak and mouth structure. The bottom jaw is fixed and the top jaw moves. The inside egdes of the beak are lined with small bristles called lamellaes. They help them to filter the water by forcing out mud, silt and unwanted things. Another usefull thing is that flamingos can drink hot and salty water.Special glands next to their beaks excrete excess salt.

Evolution and Natural Selection Part 1

Why do flamingos have long necks and legs?

I think they have long necks and legs because their legs help them walk in the water and their long necks help them capture food without any difficulties.

Their long necks and legs give them an advantage in the water.

Animal taxonomy

  1. The scientific name for a killer whale is Animalia Chordata Mammalia Cetacea Delphinide Orcinus Orca

2. The scientific name for an asian elephant is Animalia Chordata Mammalia Proboscidea Elephantidae Elephas Maximus 

3.the scientific name for a Steller's Jay is Animalia Chordata Aves Passeriformes Corvidae Cyanocitta Stelleri

4. The scientific name for a blue jay is Animalia Chordata Aves Passeriformes Corvidae Cyanocitta Cristata

5. The scientific name for an Indian peacock is Animalia Chordata Aves Galliformes Phasianidae Pavo Cristatus

All of the animals I chose are in the same kingdom and phylum. The killer whale and the Asian elephant are also in the same class, but their order, family, genus and species are different. The Steller's Jay , blue jay and the Indian peacock are in the same kingdom phylum and class. The blue jay and the Steller's jay share the same order, family and genus. the Steller's jay is a Stelleri species and the blue jay is a Cristata species. That is the only difference between them. The Indian peacock has a different order, family, genus and species.

My question is how is a whale considered a mammal but not other fish?

Tree with ID

Refer to www.mybiology23.blogspot.ca

(Harkirat Mann's blog)

Biology11 Question

How do venus fly traps sense that food is around?